- Introduction: Post-GDPR landscape (CCPA, Brazil’s LGPD, India’s PDP Bill).
- Compliance Essentials:
- Data Mapping: Tools like OneTrust to track user data flows.
- Privacy by Design: Encrypting data in transit/rest (e.g., Signal’s E2E encryption).
- Sector-Specific Rules:
- Healthcare (HIPAA), Finance (PCI-DSS), Children’s data (COPPA).
- Penalties: Meta’s $1.3B GDPR fine for transatlantic data transfers.
- Developer Checklist: Anonymization techniques, cookie consent banners (e.g., Cookiebot).
The implementation of GDPR in 2018 marked a watershed moment for data privacy, triggering a global wave of similar legislation. California’s CCPA, Brazil’s LGPD, and China’s PIPL have all established strict requirements for data collection, processing, and storage. These regulations carry severe penalties – British Airways faced a £20 million fine for a data breach affecting 400,000 customers, while WhatsApp was fined €225 million for GDPR transparency violations. Organizations must now implement Privacy by Design principles, conducting Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) before launching new products or services.
Technical compliance requires multilayered approaches. Data minimization strategies ensure only essential information is collected, while pseudonymization techniques protect user identities. Encryption standards like AES-256 for data at rest and TLS 1.3 for data in transit have become table stakes. Emerging solutions include homomorphic encryption, which allows computation on encrypted data without decryption, and differential privacy, which adds statistical noise to datasets to prevent re-identification. Apple’s use of differential privacy in iOS gathers user analytics while preserving anonymity.